Monasticism In The Middle Ages Essays - Asceticism, Free Essays

Religion In The Middle Ages Essays - Asceticism, Free Essays Religion in the Middle Ages During the twelfth and thirteenth hundreds of years, the cloisters filled in as one of the extraordinary enlightening powers by being the focuses of instruction, preservers of learning, and centers of monetary turn of events. Western asceticism was molded by Saint Benedict of Nursia, who in 529, set up a religious community in southern Italy. He made a serviceable model for running a religious community that was utilized by most western religious requests of the Early Middle Ages. To the three promises of submission, neediness, and purity, which framed the establishment of a large portion of the old religious communities, he included the pledge of physical work. Each priest accomplished some helpful work, for example, furrowing the fields, planting and collecting the grain, tending the sheep, or draining the bovines. Others worked at different exchanges the workshops. No assignment was excessively modest for them. Benedict?s rules set out a day by day schedule of devout life in a lot more noteworthy detail than the previous rules seem to have done (Cantor 167-168). Schwartz 2 The priests additionally trusted in learning, and for quite a long time had the main schools in presence. The churchmen were the main individuals who could peruse or compose. Most aristocrats and lords couldn't compose their names. The religious community schools were just accessible to youthful aristocrats who wished to ace the craft of perusing in Latin, and young men who wished to concentrate to become ministers (Ault 405). The cloisters had an impact as the preservers of learning. Numerous priests busied themselves replicating original copies and became medieval distributing houses. They kept cautious schedules with the goal that they could keep up with the various holy people? days, and other banquet days of the medieval church. The priests who kept the schedule regularly wrote down, in the edges, happenings of enthusiasm for the area or data gained from an explorer. A large portion of the books in presence, during the Middle Ages, were delivered by priests, called recorders. These compositions were cautiously and carefully written by hand. At the point when the priests were composing, nobody was permitted to talk, and they utilized gesture based communication to speak with one another. The books were composed on vellum, produced using calf?s skin, or material, produced using sheep?s skin. The copyists utilized gothic letters, that were composed so consummately, they looked as though they were printed by a press. Huge numbers of the books were extravagantly ornamented with gold or colore! d letters. The fringes around each page were embellished with laurels, vines, or blossoms. After the books were composed, they were bound in cowhide or secured with velvet. The priests replicated Schwartz 3 books of scriptures, songs, and petitions, the lives of the holy people, just as the compositions of the Greeks and Romans and other old people groups. The copyists included a little petition toward the finish of each book, since they felt that god would be satisfied with their work. Without their endeavors, these accounts and chronicles would have been lost to the world. The priests turned into the students of history of their day by tracking significant occasions, year by year. It is from their compositions that we determine a lot of information on the life, customs, and occasions of the medieval occasions (Ault 158). Medieval Europe made gigantic financial additions as a result of the priests. They substantiated themselves to be savvy landowners and rural colonizers of Western Europe. A huge extent of the soil of Europe, in the Middle Ages, was no man's land. There were swamps and timberlands covering a significant part of the land. The religious communities began developing the dirt, depleting the bogs, and chopping down the backwoods. These ascetic networks pulled in settlements of workers around them in light of the fact that the religious community advertised security. Tremendous zones of land were recovered for horticultural purposes. The laborers replicated the horticultural strategies for the priests. Improved rearing of dairy cattle was created by the ascetic networks. Numerous religious communities were encircled by bogs, however their property became fruitful ranches. The religious communities became model homesteads and filled in as neighborhood schools of farming. Cultivating was a boss monetary movement of the religious communities. They sold the overabundance that they developed in the marketpla! ce, and this brought them into exchange and trade. Schwartz 4 They sold pigs, charcoal, iron, building stone, and wood. This made them into the focuses of development. Numerous religious communities led their market during benefactor saint?s

Moral Influence in Great Expectations Essay

Show the Moral Influence on Pip in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations Symbolism as it is utilized in writing plans to extend the inner parts of an individual’s character through the outside viewpoints in actuality. Charles Dickens, in his novel, Great Expectations utilizes imagery so as to reflect other individuals’ moral effect on Pip. Consider for instance the accompanying occasions. In the novel’s introductory part, one is given the character of Pip who is portrayed as a vagrant with a clear creative mind. As he relates his underlying encounters throughout everyday life, Pip specifies that his â€Å"most clear and expansive impression of the personality of things, seems†¦to have been picked up on a paramount crude evening towards evening† (Dickens, 1992, p. 3). It was during tonight that Pip met the convict, Magwitch. The utilization of imagery in his experience with Magwitch is obvious as Pip’s introductory prologue to the despicable parts of man’s nature, as Magwitch, happened during the change from day to night. One sees here how Dicken’s utilizes the move from day to night as a methods for moving the temperament inside the novel so that will set up the peruser for his experience with a person who is in control of a faulty good character. What's more, one sees here the way through which Magwitch’s moral character influences Pip’s moral air as Pip was acquainted with submitting ethically faulty activities through his possibility experience with Magwitch. Instead of the utilization of dimness as a methods for representing the shameless parts of man, Dickens likewise utilizes the light as a methods for representing the ethical parts of man. For instance, one is given Pip’s beginning experience with Estella. Estella, which truly implies star, is introduced as a ‘angelic’ being who rouses Pip to want for the better things throughout everyday life. Reference Dickens, C. (1992). Extraordinary Expectations. London: Wordsworth Editions, 1992.

Use Of Alcohol By Adolescents Health And Social Care Essay

This papers predominantly contains within informations of the intoxicant utilization among the adults and it other than contains the social, moral, practical aspects of intoxicant use by the underage childs. It talks about in thing various plans to order intoxicant use among fledglings and it other than the conceivable positive and negative aftereffects of the plan received. Besides It talks about the composite plan for intoxicant control.Rearing habits and utilization of intoxicant by the striplingsThe family units of around four 1000 of under 18 mature ages old children were joined into four gatherings ( of which two gatherings were progressively significant, one was liberal, other was unmindful ) .These gatherings were defined on the balance of the children assessments of their folks in two kinds: acknowledgment/contribution and severity/oversight. The childs were so dispensed into following arrangements of outcomes: psychosocial headway, disguised hurt, school accomplishment and employment open introduction. Results recommend that kids who consider their folks as a greater amount of undemocratic ( significant ) are acceptable in psychosocial competency and most exceedingly awful in mental and social disfunction ; the completely inverse is the occasion for kids who acknowledge their folks as unmindful. Young people whose guardians are portrayed as imperious are increasingly compliant and progressively faithful yet have nearly less self-originations as correlation with different childs. Be that as it may, kids from liberal spots have more affirmation however have a higher frequence of substance misuse, have awful conduct and are less occupied with school. ( sussie D.Lamborn, 1991 ) The nexus between raising way and children intoxicant and different alcohols use, implies intoxicant and baccy utilization, was seen simultaneously ( at age 14 ) for licit medication use and longitudinally ( from age 14 to 17 ) for both licit and illegal medication use in a gathering of 347 youngster who were tried from schools in Reykjavik, Iceland. Results checked that kids who are of the position that their folks are a greater amount of control of them had the option to originate before intoxicant and were shielded from intoxicant than the children who think about their folks as negligent. ( Sugrun Adalbjarnardottir, 2001 )Disadvantages of intoxicant utilization by adolescentsThe maladies that could go on because of intoxicants are pancreatic, liver mischief, and genuine contracting, certain dangerous neoplastic infections of the encephalon. There are other than different short-run dangers are related with the use of intoxicant among teenagers however the experts are worried about fresh ascent in immature intoxicant abuse and the conceivable negative health impacts. Orchestrating to depict gave by the British clinical affiliation entitled â€Å" Alcohol and Young individuals † there was a continuous expansion among the11 to 15 mature ages old children who drink liquor everyday, except there is an expansion in the whole they are guzzling on each juncture.Effectss on encephalon developmentResearch laborers other than accept that during the immature age natural structure goes through significant modifications. It is a clasp when juvenile individuals begin to connect them more with companions and leave their youth contacts past. They need to set them in the cultural condition. Presenting the encephalon to liquor during this period may set a hindrance to of import methods of encephalon improvement can do subjective damage or more remote assimilating. Progressively intoxicant at one clasp could do in an affliction emesis, reeling, double vision, and a senti ment of the room turning. Blending to one examination gave by US specialists, named Prevention Alert and juvenile intoxicant abuse showed numerous inconveniences â€Å" Subtle liquor actuated youngster obtaining harms could harm word related and scholarly headway. In one overview, transient memory achievements were assessed in those youngsters who utilize intoxicant and who do non between the ages of 15 and 16. Those childs who were in more prominent use of intoxicant were suffering from memory occupations. ( Adolescent Drug Abuse ) . Numerous surveies featured that memory employments were generally regular among overwhelming clients of intoxicant. There are other demolishing impacts for fledglings who get bringing down using intoxicant in the early age. It is discovered that the individuals who utilize intoxicant younger than 15 have more chances of going again the client of intoxicant in ulterior part of their life. Aside from the way that minor assimilating is against the statute, it represents an extraordinary risk to both the general public and single. We will talk a portion of the impacts of immature intoxicant maltreatment.Accidents due to AlcoholMost of the examination shows that pace of genuine mishaps because of liquor drivers who matured 15 to twenty is double the rate by intoxicant included drivers old enough 20 one and more seasoned ( Adolescent Drug Abuse )SuicideAlcohol regularly causes accentuation and despondency, which at long last causes implosion. In one investigation, it was referenced that 30 seven percent of eighth grade misss who drank in huge entirety attempted implosion, contrasted and 11 percent who did non take intoxicant.Immoral activitiesIn one examination around 10 percent of female secondary school, understudies announced holding been assaulted. Research proposes that intoxicant use to a great extent increment the chances of rape by a male. ( Adolescent Drug Abuse ) When Alcohol soaking up does happenMost of the youngsters, that were talked with, were of the position that guzzling happens a large portion of the clasp of gloom, tension or to be made them socially worthy. It has other than been seen that fledglings were other than associated with substantial guzzling because of simple course of intoxicant.Social adjustment theoriesMany speculations have been introduced to shield youngsters from using liquor a portion of the cultural hypotheses are examined here:Social procurement theoryThis hypothesis proposes a crew assault for bar against alcohal among people, networks and family units. Cooperative efforts a basic capacity in learning children to originate before the utilization of intoxicant ( E M Johnson ) .Development theoryYoung people are given confidence and are propelled to achieve something in their single network works with the goal that they are spurred to achieve something for outline as a rugger member etcBehaviour theoryIt concentrates more on single and caused them to perceive that cultural standards are extremely of import and activate them to originate before the use of intoxicant. ( E M Johnson )Social improvement theoryIn this hypothesis, constructive cultural projects are made which propel people to originate before use of intoxicant. ( E M Johnson )Health conduct theoryHealth conduct hypothesis is the dependent on an individual ‘s Behavior for bar methodologies.. ( E M Johnson )Cognitive contradiction theoryThis hypothesis proposes verbal intercession to set up or quality convictions and mentalities, helping youthful individual to stay away from imbibingHow therapists can help to better the activity of intoxicant utiliza tion among adolescentA analyst can help the person in elevating its thought process to originate before guzzling A clinician can deal with by estimating the sort and disagreeableness of intoxicant employments. This evaluation can gracefully usher to the consumer about what intercession to follow and help to incite the consumer to secure mediation. Clinicians built up a figure of treatments, some of which are persuasive improving hypothesis and intellectual social header hypothesis. These mediations give 12 Step help assaults that help those suffering liquor related occupations in using self-treatment plans, for example, Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) . These treatement can gracefully help to uplift their resolution and steer them to end assimilating, place fortunes that pushes single to get down soaking up, ingest new strategies to show signs of improvement of very unsafe intoxicant dose, and create cultural emotionally supportive networks inside their cultural condition. A portion of the psychological conduct examination found that 50 eight percent of patients having subjective social intercession were much better than different gatherings. Projects, for example, Alcoholic Anonymous incredibly expanded members ‘ will of stopping them from intoxicant. Generally people using intoxicant experience the ill effects of other mental health conditions, for example, awful despondency and nervousness. Analysts can gracefully direction to those patients who are suffering from such kind of maladies. ( Patrick ) Analysts can other than flexibly gathering and family treatments, which as often as possible are useful for set uping individual to-individual connections and for maintain excursion sources of income of soaking up over the extensive stretch. Family connections present more noteworthy effect on assimilating conduct, for representation, a child may influence in soaking up because of imprudent disposition of guardians. The analyst can help the consumer and others to experience effectively through these intricate stages, help family units to comprehend employment of soaking up and larn how to help family unit individuals in recuperation, and to look for help from sense of self guide gatherings. ( Prilleltensky.Isaac ) Since an individual may come back to assimilating wont, it very well may be essential to hold a definite analyst. On the off chance that the consumer can't choose intoxicant occupations without limit, a clinician can help him with cut bringing down intoxicant use and limiting employments. Therapists can other than notice a person to self improvement gatherings. Much after conventional intercession terminals, numerous individuals keep on looking for help from such gatherings. Liquor related miracles seriously amendss working of various natural structure parts like liver, chest and so on. Be that as it may, the odds for effective since quite a while ago run work arrangement are useful for individuals who look for help from proper beginnings. ( American Psychologists Association, 2012 )How the financial specialists improve the activity of intoxicant usageEconomicss ever contribute fundamentally to the planning of intoxicant arrangement. It works by indicating and looking at expenses and advantages of intoxicant ingestion and related arrangement interventions, including extract income enha

The Lottery By Shirley Jackson - 934 Words

The Black Box in the short story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson signifies the physical connection between the villagers and their unwillingness to give up their tradition. â€Å"The Lottery† is very unpredictable and quite misleading. The black box has no functionality, except every June 27th. Shirley Jackson depicts the black box as an important and traditional tool. Although the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† are terrified of the goal of the lottery and the black box, they are unwilling to let go of the tradition. Shirley Jackson portrays the villagers as primitive and stuck in their ways. The purpose of the box, like the lottery, has become vague with the times. Although the Black box is well-worn, it represents the barbaric mindset of the villagers. The exact origin of the rituals and traditions in the â€Å"The Lottery† is not stated by Shirley Jackson; however, the traditions seem to be just as old as the town itself. Although most of the villagers in the short story are unaware of the old rituals, they view it as a form of spiritual cleansing. The villagers are deeply-rooted in their archaic traditions filled with superstitions human sacrifices, and crops. Old man Warner, a man who is happy to be celebrating his seventy-seventh lottery is seen as a prominent figure in the short story. Old man Warner’s character is very traditional and reluctant to change. In the eyes of the villagers, old man Warner is a winner and free from bad luck. The black box is a determinant between lifeShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes include: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition are met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson757 Words   |  4 Pagessucceed but many fail just like the main character Tessie Hutchinson in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. When someone hears the word â€Å"lottery†, he or she may think that someone will be rewarded with prize. But â€Å"The Lottery† By Shirley Jackson is different than what one thinks. In the story, a lottery is going to be conducted not like Mega Million or Powerball one play here. In the story, the person who wins the lottery is stoned to death instead of being rewarded with the prize. TessieRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even though some people have no idea why they follow these traditions. The title of the story plays a role in how Shirley Jackson used some literary elements to help mask the evils and develop the story. The title â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory. When people think of the lottery majorityRead More`` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson894 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Lottery†, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty. The first concept Jackson portrays in â€Å"The Lottery† is the authority figures. Jackson indicates that the lottery is being held in the town center by one authority figure, Mr. Summers, annually on June 27th. Every June 27th, without fail, townspeople gather in the town square to participate in the annually lottery even though mostRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1510 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† illustrates several aspects of the darker side of human nature. The townspeople in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† unquestioningly adhere to a tradition which seems to have lost its relevance in their lives. The ritual that is the lottery shows how easily and willingly people will give up their free will and suspend their consciences to conform to tradition and people in authority. The same mindless complacency and obedience shown by the villagers in Jackson’s story are seenRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson8 11 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson799 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mood and to foreshadow of things to come. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story in which the setting sets up the reader to think of positive outcomes. However, this description of the setting foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to come. In addition, the theme that we learn of at the end leads us to think of where the sanity of some human beings lies. The story begins with the establishment of the setting. To begin, Shirley Jackson tells the reader what time of day and what time ofRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson1764 Words   |  7 Pagesfilled with excitement and eeriness, leaving the reader speechless. The Lottery , a short story written by famous writer Shirley Jackson, created an uproar on June 26, 1948, when it was published in the magazine The New Yorker (Ball). The gothic thriller, set in an unknown time and place, shares the tradition of a small town, a little larger than three hundred people, in which a drawing is held once a year. In this â€Å"Lottery,† each family’s husband draws a slip of paper from a black box. The husbandRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1391 Words   |  6 PagesMarina Grishechkina Professor Abbott English 126 April 6, 2016 â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson â€Å"The Lottery† introduces the reader to a cruel ritual of the village where people gather together to participate in the annual elimination of a random villager. Superficially friendly mood in the town at the beginning of the story was replaced by hostile and violent human behavior at the end. Warm and sunny summer morning did

The Golden Age Of Technology - 1244 Words

This is the golden age of technology. Nowadays, advancements such as the internet and the computer are part of everyday life. Still, this developing form of communication can cause a drastic increase in new problems and issues that need to faced. The Constitution of the United States gives every person the right to free speech, as listed in the First Amendment. The freedom of speech grants citizens the power to say what they want without getting punished by the government. Nevertheless, there are limits to this right. The question of when the freedom of speech applies remains controversial. The Background Essay: Should Schools Be Allowed to Limit Students’ Online Speech? addresses the case Gitlow v. New York. The Supreme Court ruled†¦show more content†¦Although the internet is not school property, it makes sense that schools should hold the ability to establish boundaries that limit students’ online speech. The reason being that a limitless voice online can ca use disruptions to the school environment, cyberbullying, and an infringement of a school’s responsibility to protect their students. A disturbance in the virtual world can result in a commotion in the real world. For example, if a person were to be criticized online, it is likely that they will contemplate it the rest of the day. Document D highlights J.S. v. Blue Mountain School District. During this case, the school suspends J.S. for posting negative content about her principal, James McGonigle. Nunemacher, a math teacher, reported constant talking during class due to what J.S. had posted. It is argued that talking was usual within Nunemacher’s class, so the suspension of J.S. was against her First Amendment rights. However, the fact that talking during class is â€Å"normal† should not be a deciding factor in this matter. There are multiple other disruptions that J.S. has caused that are not as apparent as the chatter Nunemacher described. This can include a decrease in students’, teachers’, and the principal’s performance. Work may not be completed efficiently. Thoughts and actions may take a negative turn. The list goes on. Of course, the issues do not stop here. Problems in the classroom can affect everyone (worried parents, concerned

The Relationship Between Islam, Judaism And Christianity

Theme Topic Seven Assignment: Islam In this theme, consider the relationship between Islam, Judaism and Christianity. Where do you see similarities? Differences? Then, I would like for you to consider the ontological aspect of these three religions. Meaning, Islam stresses â€Å"submission† while Judeo-Christian theology stresses free will. How does this change the relationship between these three, related religions? The relationship between humanity and God? Do you see a way that this difference can be rectified? I would like for you to pay attention to your own reactions here. How do you feel about submission versus free-will? Consider the Christian writer Paul who made a clear distinction between submission (surrendering your free-will to†¦show more content†¦Judaism and God’s promise appears to have followed Isaac and his descendants throughout their full existence; whereas Islam does not begin to illuminate until many, many generations after Ishmael. What is very intriguing, however, is the guise that God (or Allah) is still directed to the one true God of Abraham. Making Islam’s core direction the same of the lineage of Judaism and Christianity albeit expressed very differently. Will Deming, editor of Understanding the Religions of the World: An Introduction (2015) pens: Religious tolerance toward certain groups of non-Muslims has been a part of Islam from its early days†¦ According to Islamic tradition, God has sent a prophet to every people in the world†¦ Their task was to reveal God’s truth and warn people about his judgement, and a few delivered sacred books to humanity. (p. 400-401) Interestingly, notwithstanding an established understanding recognizing this connection in Islam, the converse is far from reciprocated. In fact, the converse is so far from accurate that with today’s security challenges, Islam is viewed deeply negatively by these same groups. For even with ultimate reality pointing back to salvation through God, animosity remains so deeply engrained, that each interpretation views the others as nearly evil. A further unique challenge, though not entirely different from that of Judaism is how the message from God was established. Comparatively, Moses receives the Ten CommandmentsShow MoreRelatedWorld Religions Final Home Exam : Relationship Between Christianity, Islam And Judaism2108 Words   |  9 PagesWorld Religions Final Home Exam: Relationship between Christianity, Islam Judaism By: Ackshan Devakumar Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are three major monotheistic religions that share many similar characteristics. However, they also have key differences as well. Judaism is the oldest of the three, which originated about 3,500 years ago. The other two religions came from Judaism. The Holy Scripture for Judaism is the Torah, which is also known as the Five Books of Moses. Jewish people considerRead More Trinity of Beliefs Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pagesreligions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, which are all closely related, are examined. All three of these religions are Western, they are monotheistic, and together they form the Abramic religions. Judaism is the oldest, dating from around 2000 BC and the most ancient religion still practiced in todays society; Christianity originates from shortly after the death of Jesus Christ; Islam is the youngest, emerging in the seventh century AD. It would appear, then, that Christianity and Islam are descendedRead MoreAbrahamic Religions : Judaism, Christianity, And Islam1407 Words   |  6 PagesAbrahamic Religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam ​The Abrahamic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the three key Western Religions they all exercise monotheism, achieving peace though justice, God’s love and mercy, all three trace back to the prophet Abraham in some way, even though he was first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. These three religions are very closely unified because they share many common beliefs and thoughts, and they all rely on holy books or scriptures as a life-guidedRead MoreHistory 53 Judaism Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Babylonians? Who destroyed the northern kingdom (Israel) and when? Who were the Prophets within Judaism and what was the focus of their message? How what they did and said can be compared to what Jesus did and said? When did Jewish people transition from pastoralism to agriculture and from being nomadic to sedentary? 3 Id-Where and when did Zoroastrianism originate? How did it influence Judaism in terms of the figure of the devil and the idea of afterlife? List 4 ways in which it influencedRead MoreCommon Threads Throughout Judaism, Christianity, and Islam1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have over many thousands of years established many traditions and beliefs. Many of these are from their respective book of scripture such as the Bible, Torah, or Qu’ran. Others are from the interpretation of the religions over the many years from their leaders and the generational stories that have been passed down. Many of these can be seen as quite similar between the religions, but others can be considered unique to each one ofRead MoreIslam : A Powerful Religion1437 Words   |  6 PagesIslam emerged as a powerful religion in the seventh century. Prior to this, Christianity and Judaism dominated life throughout the Middle East and Europe. In order to develop as a system of faith, Islam borrowed ideas such as monotheism, an afterlife and many other concepts from the two prominent religions. Hence, Islam was revolutionary for the introduction of controversial values such as the rejection of Jesus Christ and its distinct differences in beliefs. Ever since its rise to popularity,Read MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1016 Words   |  5 Pagesthat keeps many people going in life but at the same time, the same reason our world has so many problems and has been torn apart. Through studying the main tenets in call, Judaism, Christianity and Islam were analyzed for weeks. Christianity and Islam take the cake for the two biggest religions in today’s population however, Judaism plays the smallest role. These three religions, although different, are easily able to be compared and contrasted because of all of the history and information we have attainedRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam992 Words   |  4 PagesJudaism, Christianity and Islam are three of the most recognized monotheistic religions worldwide. These religions are often referred to as the Abrahamic religions because of their history to the founding father, Abraham. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are closely related with varying differences. Christian ity was born from within the Jewish tradition, and Islam developed from both Christianity and Judaism. We take a look at some of the major similarities and major differences of these widely practicedRead MoreWorld Religions and the North Africa/Southwest Asia Realm854 Words   |  4 Pagesinternational relationships. The realm is also the birthplace of the three major world religions; Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Centuries of conflict lie at the heart of this realm due to differences in religious beliefs. In reviewing the scripture readings presented for this lesson, each religion has one intrinsic similarity; that is the belief in God. Where both Islam and Judaism view God as one entity, Christians believe in the Trinity (Father, Son and Holy Spirit), (Islam, Judaism and, 2004-2013)Read MoreChristian, Islam, and Judaism1397 Words   |  6 Pages2133 – W03 April 19, 2008 Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Every religion has its own goal, and their own path and believe to reach their goals, however there are also many similarities in believes. Although the followers of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam may see things differently, they all fundamentally hold the same values and codes. To Islam, the Prophet Mohammad’s teaching is a complete and final revelation. On the other hand, according to the bible, Christianity believes that Jesus Christ

Short plot summary of giver Essay Example For Students

Short plot summary of giver Essay Short plot summary of GiverThe story Giver takes place in a place that where its perfect and there is no fear and pain. It takes place in the future from now. Jonas is a kid that is different from other people in the novel, he has fear sometimes and he does experience pain. At his ceremony of 12 (thats what they do every year to show that the kid grew up, but only exist from the age of 1 12), he was selected to be the receiver of memories, since the people from there doesnt know any history about the past. And so after a year of following Giver (his instructor) he learns a lot of things about the past and a lot of new feelings and emotion that they dun have in their world. And so Jonas found out that the world just should no be working this was and therefore. He and Giver plan to leave the country. However, Giver thought that he is too old for escaping, so he decided just to help Jonas to escape. On his way, he went home and picked up a baby, Gabriel who would be released (killed) s oon, with him and they started their journey to escape. After a long journey, Jonas and Gabriel were successfully escaped from the country and they went to a village. The story was told as a third person point of view. I enjoyed this story because it shows that how Jonas stands up against what he thought was wrong. The place was suppose to be a utopia turns out to be a dystopia to Jonas. It shows that how the people acts in the real life. How they act to be honest but they are actually lying. The government in the story is the biggest lie, they control everything of the people and assign them what to do, and so that they wont even notice that they are in such a situation that they are controlled. After all, this novel is a good example of utopia/dystopia literature.

British Invasion Essays - Oasis, Dave Matthews, Matthews

British Invasion British Invasion When one thinks of rock and roll there is a whole list of adjectives to describe a band. The groups can go from laid back to an in your face, ultra loud show of shows. There are many differences in rock bands and none is greater than the deviation between Oasis and Dave Matthews Band. From upbringing to influences, the differences are represented in the music and those who live for it. They might be under the same category but there are very few comparisons that are so far apart. Oasis is the foremost representative of a working class band. Their hometown of Manchester, England is a tough town of industry. The people are known for they're hard work and even harder partying. In contrast, Dave Matthews was raised on a South African estate as the son of an ambassador. His hometown was full of proper English families, most being from aristocracy. The members of Oasis tell of their early drug days, shop lifting, and hard partying. Drugs were a major part of the bands early years and so was hard, ear blasting rock and roll. Matthews once criticized this behavior by Oasis as he proclaimed his own virginity in the drug world. In typical Oasis fashion, Matthews was dismissed with swear words and the raising of a certain finger. Perhaps the biggest difference between the two bands is their music and fan base. Oasis is known for literally playing at maximum level, while Matthews has a mellower and almost soothing concert sound level. He also has a very limited stage with little lighting as compared to Oasis' dazzling effects that seem to pulse with the music. These flashing lights seem to activate the rowdy crowd found at the typical Oasis show. The model fan is ready to jump for two hours straight and they are the complete opposites of the usual Dave Matthews Band fan. While the Oasis fan hops, you notice they casually dress in plain pants and striped T-shirts. The Dave Matthews fan is uniformly dressed in Old Navy clothing and preppy khaki pants. They are concerned how close they look like the person next to them and the Oasis fan wears whatever is most clean when they wake up. In essence, the Oasis fan cares about the music and not the scene. A Dave Matthew's concert is more of a college event than a rock concert. Overall, the difference between the two is more than clothing or lights. It is about the music and about the people who flock for it by the masses. Each band's sound seems to reflect on the personalities of its devout followers. Whether it's a preppy, beer chugging, frat pledge or a casually dressed girl standing on the corner whistling her favorite Oasis tune, the differences go deeper than two categories at the music store.

The Complete Guide on How to Write a Physics Essay

The Complete Guide on How to Write a Physics Essay Some students view writing an essay, especially one in physics, as a frightening and excruciatingly complicated process. However, it does not necessarily have to be such a negative experience. Creating an essay is a significant part of the learning process which can serve to develop the critical thinking abilities as well as broaden the understanding of the subject Physics. To make this process more accessible, it is essential to fully comprehend the task. Thus, it is only logical to ask: â€Å"What is an essay in Physics and what basic rules does it have to follow?† Incidentally, it is necessary to review the fundamentals of the physics essay structure. All the practical information is found in this physics essay writing guide. Find enough time to get the grasp of each point we state here. Don’t forget to make use of all the physics essay writing prompts you’ll read in this article. A Physics Essay: What Is It? This type of writing is usually shorter than a paper and should be readable to a less professional audience. However, it is also a scientific work and has to meet certain specifications. Similarly to an essay in humanities, this assignment typically requires the writer to show an understanding of the concept and give a personal viewpoint on the matter. Hence, it has to follow one of the basic types. The answer should also be supported with information and examples from reliable sources. In short, this assignment can be imagined as a precise and formal explanation of a physics matter to a peer. Despite being vague, this concept helps to form a better understanding of the writing task. This guide will elaborate on dealing with the challenges of writing a Physics essay. Choosing a Topic for a Physics Essay Quite frequently instead of a handout topic, the writer has the opportunity to decide on it. In this case, one of the most important steps towards a successful essay is picking the research theme. Selecting a subjectively interesting topic is necessary. Also, if the issue is inappropriately broad or narrow, research becomes overly complicated due to the lack of information available to support and formulate the arguments. Another helpful strategy is to phrase the topic as a question. Applying this method ensures that the writer can focus on answering it throughout the essay and not stray from the task. Moreover, the topics can usually be grouped according to the type of writing that is required. Considering this form before choosing the subject can help generate ideas in a faster and more efficient manner. Types of Essays with Examples: Descriptive (detailed explanation of how the subject works), Explain how a combustion engine works. A brief introduction to the electromagnetic induction effect. Compare Contrast (similarities and differences of concepts), Alternating and direct current comparison. Explain the difference between diode and triode. Process (experiment and the analysis of its results), Use a marine aquarium to calculate the salinity levels and the density of the water. What works best for the fish? What happens when these levels are changed? Narrative (historical description), History of cameras. Creation of the first nuclear bomb. Cause Effect (sequence and effect of events), What led to the tragedies of Chernobyl and Fukushima? Which experiments proved the inconsistencies behind Newton’s laws of motion. Argumentative (persuades the reader to accept the writer’s position on a debatable issue), Can time travel to the future or the past ever be possible according to the laws of physics? Furthermore, these types can be grouped according to the kind of information that is needed to have a strong essay. History (Narrative). This type generally does not require a deep understanding of scientific principles and is based on analyzing history and modern day events. Fundamental physics (Descriptive, Compare Contrast, Process). This category requires knowing the laws and principles of physics under discussion. As a result, it is necessary to be well-informed on the matter to take such a subject. Modern research (Cause Effect, Argumentative). These essays are among the most complicated because the writer has to overview the current opinions of the scientific community on the topic, which typically requires already having the basic notions about it. All in all, the selected type of the essay dictates the needed amount of knowledge in the particular field. Although it is acceptable to not be fluent in the technical side before starting the work, it should be taken into account that learning can be immensely time-consuming. Therefore, it is recommended to choose a familiar topic to allow more time for in-depth research. Tips for Physics Essay Writing The following tips should be considered prior to writing the physics essay: The physics concepts require precision and may be complicated to grasp without proper explanation. Therefore, the essay should, by all means, have a clear structure and flow well. It is also necessary to avoid wordiness and long sentences. Similarly to other types of academic writing, the essay should also be written in a formal and impersonal style. Grammar and other language flaws must be omitted and can be found using Grammarly and other online resources or checked with a dictionary. It is important to keep in mind the audience the essay is going to be presented to. The work should avoid detailed explanations of commonly known concepts if the target audience is at the required level. For instance, if it is written for an undergraduate class Newton’s Laws of Motions can be presented without further explanation. However, the essay should elaborate on all of the significant matters that are crucial to its understanding. Any supplementary information can be assisted in the further reading section. Scientific essays repeatedly use mathematical equations, graphs, and diagrams, which can be helpful to present significant amounts of data. Incidentally, these tools require specific formatting to prevent hindering the readability of the work. Graphs and diagrams should be accompanied by a caption and a figure number and positioned in the text where they are referred to. Equations should be considered as part of the text, punctuated like any other sentence and numbered if they are referred to again. The essay should avoid generalizations and colloquial tropes including â€Å"some scientists think†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"it is believed that† etc. Consequently, citations and other unique notions should be included with references to the sources. Copying the work or its parts from other sources is plagiarism, and it is considered a severe issue in the scientific community. Therefore, all of this external information should be referenced as direct quotations or paraphrases. It is also vital that these references match the AIP format, which is standard for scientific works in Physics. Common requirements for citations are outlined in the table below. The Physics Essay Structure to Follow Title Choosing the title is a crucial part of writing an essay because it allows the reader to understand the primary focus of the work. Moreover, a precise title will enable it to be found by a straightforward key-word search. Thesis Statement A thesis statement is a tool that helps the author to outline the main idea or topic and the author’s position on it. It typically consists of one or two sentences. An appropriate thesis serves as the backbone to the essay, helping the writer not to drift from the initial viewpoint. Therefore, it should avoid being a topic, an opinion or a fact. â€Å"Creation of the first nuclear bomb† can be a topic; â€Å"The nuclear bomb was created during WWII† is a commonly known fact. â€Å"Creation of the first nuclear bomb is the worst thing that happened to humanity† is a subjective opinion. Whereas, a successful thesis like ‘Despite having horrifying consequences including Hiroshima and the Cold War, the creation of the nuclear bomb made the use of atomic energy possible, questioning the world’s dependence on fossil fuels’ should not only elaborate on the views but also explore the argumentation for having them. Some helpful ideas to consider choosing the thesis of the essay include: Despite not being obligatory, it is widely accepted to place the thesis statement at the end of the introduction; Exploiting contrasting arguments by analyzing sources with an opposing view can create tension, which results in a stronger statement; An efficient thesis should be a complete statement in itself and avoid generalization. Hence it cannot be formed into a question or list the arguments without context; In case the essay is based on an experiment, its thesis should present the hypothesis the research was based on. Introduction, Body Paragraphs Conclusion It is globally agreed that academic essays should have a fixed structure that consists of an introduction, several body paragraphs, and a conclusion. An introduction allows the writer to establish the foundation for the whole essay. It usually starts with broader notions to introduce the topic or its context followed by an outline of the main points, which leads to the thesis statement. A brief action plan for writing an introduction: Definition of the central issue/area that is going to be explored; Background context of the research; Introduction/outline of the established theoretical framework in this field; Thesis statement. The body paragraphs elaborate on the thesis statement serving the purpose of the particular essay type. There are typically three body passages in an essay. It is practical to consider a suggested universal layout to present information throughout the body of the essay: The first paragraph should present an overview of the relevant data on the matter. The writer should explain various perspectives of the problem by critically examining multiple external sources and presenting own research (if applicable) in a neutral and factual manner. Consequently, the second paragraph is based on the previously presented data and focuses on interpreting it through the theoretical framework mentioned in the introduction. The writer then needs to synthesize data and theory to illustrate how the evidence supports the selected position on the subject. Finally, the third paragraph may concentrate on introducing and evaluating the major opposing views or identify where the data is incomplete or weak. This analysis should provide reasons for why this position it is less acceptable than the one promoted in the essay. Furthermore, the so-called TEEL strategy helps to form individual paragraphs using a template structure. It is based on a sequence of topic sentence (contains the main idea) explanation (of the concept in the topic sentence) evidence and example (includes references) link (sums up the whole paragraph). The conclusion of the essay should summarize the points made in work and link it to the field as a whole. In other words, it elaborates on the importance of the essay as to where it fits within the broad scientific field. It may also mention the ways in which this work could be extended or improved. However, this self-criticism should not undermine the significance of its results. Helpful Additional Sources of Information Our Writers Use Advise Tips on the essay structure: https://www.citewrite.qut.edu.au/write/essay.jsp cws.illinois.edu/workshop/writers/tips/thesis/ http://writing.umn.edu/sws/assets/pdf/quicktips/titles.pdf Analyzing the experiment results: batesville.k12.in.us/physics/APPhyNet/Measurement/how_to_analyze.htm Credible resources for information search: https://physics.info https://www.britannica.com https://www.jstor.org https://scholar.google.com Proofreading a Physics Essay As the final step, the writer is required to examine the finished work to correct major logic flaws. This process may be difficult, but it is necessary to make sure that the essay is clear and consistent with the task. An effective strategy is to go through a checklist of revision questions that cover most of the general issues. Finally, it is more complicated to find the problems in the writer’s own essay. Therefore, an efficient method is to ask for assistance from a peer or professor after finishing the work. Much more confident of essay writing in Physics? Don’t put off your physics essays. Write them all right now!

Tell the Admission Committee about one thing in your personal or Essay

Tell the Admission Committee about one thing in your personal or professional life for which you have a great deal of passion - Essay Example Within my personal perspective, however, passion is a word that can be related only to interpersonal relationships. Perhaps the genesis of my passion is the fact that I’ve witnessed Korea emerging from a war-torn and divided country to become one of the leaders in international trade. The prospect of commerce being traded on a global scale entails interacting with people of varying backgrounds and cultures. The combination of global trade and global interactions on an interpersonal level holds a great deal of fascination for me. Every person is a complex entity whose perspectives regarding spirituality, self image, other groups of individuals, nature and all things included in life as we know it are as unique as snowflakes. Mentally bonding with other souls has given me a deep appreciation of the importance of human contact and has allowed me to grow as a person in ways that cannot be measured. Both long-term relationships and brief conversations in varying situations have shaped my personality as well as my view of my existence and the world in which I live. I often consider how much different I would be, my outlook on life altered and thought patterns dissimilar than to what they are presently if not for my passion for people. Certainly it has provided me a more tolerant viewpoint of other people’s culture and circumstances than I otherwise would have had. It has opened my mind to accept the vast diversities inherent in the human experience and accept the fact that everyone is on their own unique p ath of learning. Each path begins and ends in vastly dissimilar points with varying levels of knowledge and experiences contained within these paths. I have and will continue to learn from each person while I briefly cross their path with my own. Hopefully, they will benefit in some way from crossing mine as well. Progressing, or growing, socially, professionally and personally depends on the quality of

Revolutionary Era Weapons Annotated Bibliography - 1

Revolutionary Era Weapons - Annotated Bibliography Example nd, it was permanently closed and towards the other end temporarily closed using a cannonball, and between an explosive was put in place (Hamilton, 2013, 39-42). A pedal-operated propeller powered the submarine. The submarine was also well equipped with a barrel of powder. In cannons, when the charge is put a match to via the touch-hole, it blows up, or quickly transforms to exceedingly dense gas, pushing out the ball to execute whichever service it is compulsory of it. A wall was demolished by this service, or tore apart men as well as horses, or smashed into the wooden region of a vessel, all commonly mandatory duties (Alagappa, 2009, 44-49). The submarine submerged through admitting water inside the hull and surfaced through pumping the water out by a hand pump. A keg of powder was the submarine’s torpedo, and it was to be fixed to the hull of an enemy ship’s (Alagappa, 2009, 33-36). A time fuse was then used to detonate it. Normally the cannon could reach range of several hundred yards. This was the reason why cannons were a highly useful weapon of the Revolutionary War. Even when shot within this range regularly, the cannons proved that they could perform a great amount of damage merely for the reason that the war was being fought openly, and even as they were in formation (Larson, 2010, 44-49). Submarines were effectively used to attach explosives to British ships without being

The problems, failures, and disadvantages of computer technology Essay Example for Free

The problems, failures, and disadvantages of computer technology Essay 1. The Internet is a Playing Field for Piracy and Privacy Violations 2. Green Dam Curtails Freedom of Expression 3. Computer Technology Tramples on the Freedom of People in Iran 4. Censor: Regulating the Digital Environment is Difficult and Challenging 5. A Failure: The Vulnerability of Computer Technology to Hacking 6. Computer Technology Fails to Secure Cyberspace from Breaches 7. Officially Permitted Hacking: Ethical or Not? 8. Twitter Personal Accounts, Breached 9. Computer Technology gives Large Enterprises Power over Consumers 10. What makes Smoking and Computers Similar? They’re Dangerous to Your Health The Internet is a Playing Field for Piracy and Privacy Violations During the previous month, there have been legal conflicts and arguments in France about the approval and endorsement of an Internet law proposed by the nation’s ruler, Nicolas Sarkozy. President Sarkozy has proposed a law in April that was intended to fight piracy in the country. The law included a proposition of developing an agency that would handle anti-piracy operations, which would be called HADOPI. If approved, the agency would be responsible for tracking down the people who are downloading copyrighted content from the Internet without the permission or approval of the proprietors. However, the efforts of President Sarkozy were scrapped since it was denied by the French courts. In addition, the proposed law has earned many protesters who saw it as a violation to human rights and a biased move to protect large companies that operate through recording, music and movie production, and so on. The situation relates to two opposing issues – Privacy and Intellectual Property. Although the approval of the law may be used to deal with piracy, which is a known crime, its implementation is also a crime in itself because it violates human rights. This is because the law would authorize HADOPI to track down the accounts and activity of online users, which is a clear violation of the people’s right to privacy. The issue appeals to society because it will question what the law and other similar laws truly protect: the interest of the people or large enterprises. This urges society to become involved with policy development and implementation and for law-making bodies or legislators to observe fairness, rationality, and ethics in drafting and endorsing laws. The important thing to remember is to let large enterprises and online users compromise in order to protect the interest and meet the demands of both parties similarly. Bremner, C. (2009). Top French Court Rips Heart Out of Sarkozy Internet Law. Retrieved 18 Jul 2009, from Times Online. Website: http://technology. timesonline. co. uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/article6478542. ece Green Dam Curtails Freedom of Expression The Republic of China is being criticized for its effort in demanding the installation of the Green Dam Youth Escort software in all computers effective this month. The Green Dam is a computer program that has filtering capabilities. Its installation in computers allows the blocking or filtering of various websites in the World Wide Web such as pornographic sites, violent sites, and so on. However, the organization Human Rights Watch has protested against the Chinese government’s schemes because the Green Dam defies the universal right to freedom of expression. The criticisms arose when the Human Rights Watch found out that the Green Dam was also capable of filtering information in the World Wide Web that discusses politics and presses out the accounts and statements of homosexuals in China. Computer users with Green Dam softwares shall not be able to choose which sites they want to filter out. Perceptibly, the issue presented above relates to the topic of freedom of expression. The Chinese government’s efforts to lobby for the installation of the Green Dam software is a clear violation of the freedom of expression because the software was programmed to be predisposed in choosing which sites people might be able to access. It may be a political scheme for the government to control the kind of information being sent out to the public in order to prevent the disclosure of appalling repositions by the government, but it is definitely discriminatory towards gays, lesbians, bisexuals, etc. Controlling access to the World Wide Web affects society such that the liberty of the people to express themselves and to access any kind of information they want through the Internet is being curtailed by a computer software. This is a sign for the technology industry and the people to come together and support ethics and human rights. Human Rights Watch. (2009). China: Filtering Software Challenges Computer Industry. Retrieved 17 Jul 2009, from Human Rights Watch. Website: http://www. hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/19/china-filtering-software-challenges-computer-industry Computer Technology Tramples on the Freedom of People in Iran With the support of human rights interest groups such as Amnesty International, Freedom House and other representatives of foundations and institutes that advocate for the implementation and observance of policies on human rights, the plight of the people in Iranian has been revealed publicly. Apparently, the Iranian government is implementing strict measures in order to inhibit online freedom in the country. This move was politically motivated, such that the government in Iran is trying to limit the amount of information being publicized through the Internet, specifically on facts about the elections and causes of demonstrations from the masses. The Iranian population has been outraged by the extreme online restrictions the government has implemented. Even social networking sites that were meant to be private online sites or spaces for people have been filtered through sophisticated computer applications in order to prevent the people in Iran from posting their personal thoughts and opinions. The situation in Iran does not only relate to the issue of freedom of speech or expression, but also the right of the people to adequate and unbiased information. The violations of the Iranian government stretch out to graver circumstances since it has resorted to physical violence towards online writers or journalists who post local information for the world to see. The resolution of such situations also relates to the observance and assertion of professional ethics and responsibility; that is, the moral sense to end the Iranian government’s oppression of the masses. This is just an example that conveys the two sides of computer technology. It may be used to benefit man, but at the same time, people may use it to trample on freedom and human rights. It serves as a reminder for people to always be vigilant and stand their ground against tyranny and. Robinson, D. (2009). Human Rights Groups, Media Organizations Call for Internet Freedom in Iran. Retrieved 18 Jul 2009, from Voice of America. Website: http://www. voanews. com/english/2009-06-18-voa67. cfm.

Karma Essay -- Spiritual Religion Philosophy Essays

Karma The doctrine of Karma is a spiritual doctrine based on the theory of cause and effect. Although Karma does not exactly fit the definition of supernatural phenomenon it is a spiritual doctrine based on the philosophy that God is not responsible for the happiness or failure of an individual, rather, we as individuals are solely responsible for the consequences of our own behavior. The concept of Karma has two major interpretations; the most common approaches are to the idea of reincarnation, particularly in the West where the idea has almost no existence. In the East, people believe in reincarnation and hold a fatalistic idea of Karma. I favor neither westerner nor easterner extremist approaches to Karma Doctrine. I on the other hand favor only the basic concept of the Karma, since it has gradually inspired me to become a better person. It has motivated me to neglect the satisfaction of my enlarging ego and instead it has encouraged me to take responsibility for my actions; hoping that with this attitude, I might one day achieve peace of body and mind. The West shows almost no interest in the law of Karma. This is due to its strong links to reincarnation. Most westerners refuse to believe in the transmigration of souls. Believing that you could be a human being in one life and an animal in the succeeding life, is a basic idea of reincarnation that some of us refuse to accept. For example, the act of swatting a fly could be perceived as killing a person, perhaps your mother in a past life. I myself have a hard time believing in such occurrence. If in fact westerners show interest in reincarnation, it is only with a skeptical curiosity of knowing who they were in previous lives. In the west, no serious research is done ... ...can deal with his own Karma. It is not until we find the right relationship with each other, with ourselves, nature and with whole of which we are a part, we will go on making bad Karma. Learning about the Karma doctrine has brought nothing but positive effects in my life, it has slowly enhanced my desire to become more spiritual and at peace with everyone and everything around me. "My belief is correct for me-you have to find the belief that is correct for you and it will not necessarily be the same as my belief." www.etext.org. Works Cited Ajayi, J.F ADE. "On the politics of Being Mortal" in Verdug, Carol (ed.) Making Contact: Reading from Home and Abroad. Boston: Bedford Books, 1997 Chakravarti, Siddhanta.Karma. Netscape Navigator. http://www.sconline.com. Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Reincarnation. Netscape Navigator. http://www.etext.org/

Jewellery Sector in West Bengal

The main purpose of this study was to examine the migration profile of the workers in the Gold and Jewellery Sector of West Bengal and also to study the process of skill formation of the workers in this sector. The entire study was based on a primary survey conducted on a sample size of 60 individuals spread over 4 different regions of West Bengal – Sinthi, Bowbazar, Basirhat and DomJur. In the first part of my study, I examined the pattern of migration of the Jewellery artists in these areas. I also cited the existence of a large number of in-migrants, circular and return migrants in this ector.In the next part, I studied in details the process of skill formation of the workers and showed how the period of apprenticeship was crucial in the career of a jewellery artist. I also explained the wage vriation between the skilled, unskilled and semiskilled workers in Basirhat and also attempted to establish a link between skill, income and migration of the workers. In the last part of my analysis, I attempted give a comparative study analysis of these areas with respect to the nature of the migrant workers, conditions of work, income and pattern of migration.Acknowledgements I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Swati Ghosh, Department of Economics, Rabindra Bharati University, who was extremely helpful and offered invaluable assistance, support and guidance. Her willingness to motivate contributed tremendously to the succesful completion my project. Deepest gratitude is also due to Prof. Sukanata Saha without whose knowledge and assistance this study would not have been successful.To the Jewellery workers and shop-owners of Sinthi, Bow Bazaar, Basirhat and DomJur, I whole heartedly thank you for your kindness, co-operation and patience. Without your support, this project would not have materialized. I would like to exp ress my heartfelt thanks to Mr. Kaushik Mukherjee (Bowbazar), Mr. Subhash Sarkar ( Atoshi Jewellers, Basirhat ) for their valuable help and guidance during my survey. And last but not least, special thanks also to all my class-mates, for sharing the literature and providing invaluable assistance during the survey.

Obstacles Can t Stop You - 1196 Words

Obstacles can t stop you, problems can t stop you, most of all people can t stop you, the only one who stops you is yourself. My family believes steadfastness in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success or perseverance is how to live life. I interview three people, my dad and mom, and my mom s dad, and my self. The people of my family are extremely persistent and resilient. As a child it was probably the hardest in his life. My dad took care of his brother as if he was his child after his mom died when he was 12. His dad wasn’t around when he was a kid. As a result, he was raised by his great grandmother and was forced to move around often, and changed schools mainly in Swannanoa. Even though, my dad had a tough childhood he always looking at the silver lining through the toughest obstacles in his life. He didn t have much family support as a child, consequently his grades weren t high, but he stuck with it, even though he had little family support. He left Swannanoa to join the army. He excelled at the army since it was the first time in his life was recognized for excelling. He became a sergeant in only four years of service. He made it as far as possible until they made him leave in order to head to college. After he left, he met my mom and she helped him out since he was a little of a brute. Since then he has to work at his job to support the family, and he worked for years to perfect his wood working. He had a tough life, but perseveredShow MoreRelatedOvercoming Obstacles Of Life During The Harry Potter Star949 Words   |  4 PagesOvercoming Obstacles in Life Everyone experiences obstacles throughout their lives. It is important to overcome these obstacles and not let them get in the way of our future. An obstacle can be anything: A lack of food or money, an addiction or even just someone telling you you’re not good enough. 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Both try to avoid their obstacle and get what they want but that doesn’t really work. â€Å"‘How are you gonna scout this kid if your eyes aren’t right?’ asked Micky. ‘I’ll figure something.’ replied Gus’† Gatsby just assumes Tom is out of the picture, â€Å"‘I don t think she ever loved him.’† HoweverRead MoreMy Family Is Like The Phenix Our Personalities Are Born From Travesties1203 Words   |  5 Pages My family is like the phenix our personalities are born from travesties. â€Å"Obstacles can t stop you, problems can t stop you, most of all people can t stop you, the only one who stops you is yourself.†( anonymous) My definition for perseverance is to keep going through the hardest times in one s life. All the people I know that are kin to me practice steadfastness no matter difficulty or delay in achieving success or perseverance is how to live life. I interviewed three people: my dad, mom,Read MoreMy Family Is Like The Phoenix Our Personalities Are Born From Travesties1203 Words   |  5 PagesMy family is like the phoenix our personalities are born from travesties. â€Å"Obstacles can t stop you, problems can t stop you, most of all people can t stop you, the only one who stops you is yourself.†( anonymous) My definition for perseverance is to keep going through the hardest times in one s life. All the people I know that are kin to me practice steadfastness no ma tter difficulty or delay in achieving success or perseverance is how to live life. I interviewed three people: my dad, mom, myRead MoreMy Family Is Like The Phoenix - Our Personalities Are Born From Travesties Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesMy family is like the phoenix - our personalities are born from travesties. â€Å"Obstacles can t stop you, problems can t stop you, most of all people can t stop you, the only one who stops you is yourself.†( anonymous) My definition for perseverance is to keep going through the hardest times in one s life. All the people I know that are kin to me practice steadfastness no matter difficulty or delay in achieving success or perseverance is how to live life. I interviewed three people: my dad, momRead MoreWhy Is Meditation Powerful?. By Edward Viljoen| Submitted1423 Words   |  6 Pagesarticle on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Edward Viljoen You Can Read About It, But Then You Have To Do It. Reading about meditation is an excellent way to become introduced to it. But for it to become a practice, I have actually to do it. I have to practice it. By practice I meant the method I use to improve something. ItRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinback743 Words   |  3 Pagescrosses, it faces obstacles. Such as passing cars and even starting off in the first place. It slowly but surely crosses the road, and eventually reaches his goal. This is just like the Joads predicament. The Joads are in need of a new place to go. A new home, due to the failing crops and the corrupt greedy banks. They head out on a long and vigorous journey, but even starting it was hard. Grampa joad threw a fit about leaving. He told Papa Joad, I tell ya I ain t goin , an ya can lump it. So they

The True Nature Of Shakespeares Characters In Othello

The True Nature of William Shakespeare’s Characters in â€Å"Othello† Ever since it’s creation over four centuries ago, William Shakespeare’s classic tragedy â€Å"Othello†, has reigned as one of the greatest play’s of all time. Being widely studied and analyzed, there should be no question as to why this piece has remained so relevant, even within the twisting and turbulent times of the 20th century and beyond. With copious amounts of today’s youth becoming caught and obsessed with the virtual life of social media, it is no wonder Shakespeare’s ideals about reality and appearance have remained so vivd and fresh within today’s modern readers. But, with appearance comes a cost, even within the virtual world, it is always evident that the truth can†¦show more content†¦During the course of the play Othello, the reader delves deep into the history and social setting of Venice. After some time passes, the reader can see that a young and lovely girl by the name of Desdemona, falls deeply and madly in love with the moor, and general of the Venetian army, Othello. From this we can begin to dissect the nature of Desdemona’s love and how it portrays the true nature of her character as a woman and wife. It is often argued by many that Desdemona is not truly in love with Othello. It is clear that this was intended to be perceived by Shakespeare, as he even shows her father, Brabantio, pleading to the courts men of Venice, stating that surely she must be â€Å"corrupted by spells, and medicines, bought of mountebanks† (Shakespeare, I. iii. 75-9.), as he could not believe that this love might have blossomed naturally from the passion and respect found in her heart. Many critics also adore the idea that she is simply a young brainless girl that does not see the consequence of her actions as related to the loving and marrying of Othello. This angle of the argument, which shows Desdemona as a foolish girl who is not capable of making her own decisions, is very common with some of Shakespeare’s other masterpieces, most notably in Romeo and Juliet. If one chooses to argue her love for Othello from this angle, they may run into many road blocks. As the playShow MoreRelated Comparison of an Evil mastermind in Shakespeare’s Othello and MacDonald’s Goodnight Desdemona (Good Morning Juliet)1433 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst introduced in Shakespeare’s Othello. His deceiving personality and complex nature is painted such that readers are amazed by his ingenious schemes. At the beginning of Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago is represented as trustworthy and honest, but readers soon realize that he is the opposite of what he seems. Even though Iago’s personality and thoughts are revealed less in MacDonald’s Goodnight Desdemona (Good Morning Juliet), he carries on the same immoral legacy as in Othello. Throughout the playsRead MoreThe True Nature of Obsession (Othello, Endless Love and Damoyre)1637 Words   |  7 PagesThe true nature of obsession manipulates a person’s character, forcing them to act in unusual ways, as if possessed by an involuntary need. An obsessed mind becomes intensely absorbed in the subject of the obsession to an extent that drives away the truth and realism in their values, morals and perceptions. William Shakespeare manifests this idea of an involuntary change in character in the play â€Å"Othello†, and with a similar approach this idea is identified by Scott Spencer in the novel â€Å"EndlessRead More Tragic Flaws Of Othello Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesJealousy and Gullibility: The Devastating Flaws of Othello â€Å"The tragic flaw is the most important part of the hero and the events that occur in the work is a reflection of that flaw.† – Aristotle The plot of William Shakespeares Othello is a tale of love, jealousy, and betrayal; however, the characters, themes, and attitudes of the works are different, with Shakespeares play being a more involved study of human nature and psychology. Othello is considered to be a prime example of AristotelianRead More The Use Of Animal Imagery In Othello Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Othello† the use of animal imagery was evident throughout the telling of the story. Shakespeare explained several characters actions by comparing them to similarities in animals. The characters in â€Å"Othello† were often depicted as having animal-like characteristics. Some characters were even compared to animals by other characters in the play. By defining characters in terms of these characteristics one can get a clear description of what the character is doingRead MoreOthello: Good vs Evil1525 Words   |  7 PagesMain Characters William Shakespeare’s Othello is a classic depiction of a struggle between good and evil. In the play,, the characters are faced with the choice to either conquer or succumb to the overpowering force of evil. Shakespeare places his characters on a sort of spectrum in which a character’s amount of god or evil can be represented by a shade of color: black representing pure evil, white representing absolute goodness, and a shade of grey exemplifying the nature of all characters thatRead MoreEssay about Tragic Flaws of Othello1137 Words   |  5 Pagesand Gullibility: The Devastating Flaws of Othello By: Ryan Mongon The tragic flaw is the most important part of the hero and the events that occur in the work is a reflection of that flaw. Ââ€" Aristotle The plot of William Shakespeares Othello is a tale of love, jealousy, and betrayal; however, the characters, themes, and attitudes of the works are different, with Shakespeares play being a more involved study of human nature and psychology. Othello is considered to be a prime example of AristotelianRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare757 Words   |  4 Pages The Tragedy of Othello by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare uses many literary devices to enhance and provide greater complexity in his works. More specifically, the theme, symbolism, and dramatic irony are used to enrich Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello. The plot is definitely engaging but the theme allows for an universal human correspondence, furthering the depth of the author’s message. The element of symbolism contributes to the theme of Shakespeare’s tragedy. Symbolism expressesRead More Othello, The Moor of Venice Essay examples1319 Words   |  6 PagesOthello, the Moor of Venice is one of the major tragedies written by William Shakespeare that follows the main character, Othello through his trials and tribulations. Othello, the Moor of Venice is similar to William Shakespeare’s other tragedies and follows a set of specific rules of drama. The requirements include, following the definition of a tragedy, definition of tragic hero, containing a reversal of fortune, and a descent from happiness. William Shakespeare fulfills Aristotle’s requirementsRead MoreOthello The Flaw. At The Core, Othello Is Essentially A1317 Words   |  6 PagesOthello the Flaw At the core, Othello is essentially a good man, but he possesses many qualities, which alone are not inherently immoral, but as a whole they are corrupting to his character. After conversing with Roderigo, Iago describes Othello in his monologue such that â€Å"The Moor is of a free and open nature / That thinks men honest that but seem to be so† (1.3.380-381). Iago divulges how he will take advantage of this. Clearly Othello’s openness is a good quality in a leader with social statusRead MoreEssay on Othello; Jealousy1702 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout Shakespeare’s Othello, the major theme of jealousy is apparent. The tragedy Othello focuses on the doom of Othello and the other major characters as a result of jealousy. In Shakespeare’s Othello, jealousy is portrayed through the major characters of Iago and Othello. It utterly corrupts their lives because it causes Iago to show his true self, which in turn triggers Othello to undergo an absolute convers ion that destroys the lives of their friends. Othello represents how jealousy

The Underground Railroad Essay - 2058 Words

History and Literary Thinking Underground Railroad The Underground Railroad was located in the American South. A system created to free slaves in the American South, but it was not actually a railroad or underground it was a secret pathway that slaves took to escape from their master. This pathway that the runaway slave took was very secret. They would know when to go out to the railroad because of the songs that they sung. The Underground Railroad not only helped black slaves but also poor white slaves (Snodgrass). Some of the most important people, who helped with the Underground Railroad, risked their lives to free black and white slaves from slavery because they had experienced slavery themselves and understood the value of freedom.†¦show more content†¦For Harriet working on the plantation was very hard, she was hired as a laborer when she was five years old. Harriet’s least favorite place to work was indoors, in her early teen years Harriet was no longer allowed to work indoors so she was hired to be a field ha nd. Her masters routinely beat and whipped her. In 1844 Tubman married a free black man named John Tubman. Five years later in 1849 her main fear at the time was when the owner of the Broads Plantation died, many of the slaves were scheduled to be sold soon. â€Å"After Tubman heard about the future in the new plantation she was supposed to go to. That night Harriet had planned to escape but only told her sister because her husband could not have kept her escape a secret. Harriet took a ninety-mile trip to the mason- Dixon line with the help from the Underground Railroad and the conductors.† (Sahlman.) Tubman had a very successful and safe trip she settled in Philadelphia. A year later Tubman went back to rescues her sister’s family and her husband but it turned out that her husband had moved on and gotten married. In 1857, Tubman settled with her parents in Auburn, New York. When she helped out with the Underground Railroad she was nicknamed â€Å" the Moses of her t ime.† Tubman made nineteen trips on the underground saving about three hundred slaves all by her self. When she was a â€Å"conductor† she had very good tactics ofShow MoreRelatedThe Underground Railroad Is Not Like The Railroad1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe Underground Railroad is not like the railroads that we see today, they were not made of box cars and rails. They were routes that the slaves took to get to freedom, these railways were built or used in late 1786 to 1865. They went from as far west as Kansas, and Texas and as far south as Florida, they all were made to go north to Canada, or to Mexico, or the Caribbean Islands where slavery is illegal. This was an impossible task for the slaves to do on their own. There were many factors on howRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad1416 Words   |  6 PagesHarriet Tubman did much to ameliorate, and later, abolish slavery. Harriet was a strong and courageous woman and a well-known conductor of the Under ground Railroads, around the 1850s. Harriet Tubman personal experiences throughout her life have shaped her to become the stout-hearted woman who helped many slaves escape to freedom, by using the Underground Railroad—a network of secret routes. As described in the novel â€Å"In their own words: Harriet Tubman,† Sullivan introduces varies hard-ships that HarrietRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad832 Words   |  4 PagesHarriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman was like a conductor on a train. Running the underground railroad to free innocent slaves from certain neglect. What do people think when they hear the name Harriet Tubman. some might think of her as a dirty black others might call her a hero, or moses. Harriet Tubman was a very brave, and courageous woman. In this paper we will explore the childhood, life of slavery, and how she came to be known as the women called moses. Araminta wasRead MoreUnderground Railroad - Original Writing1058 Words   |  5 PagesUnderground Railroad Junior Year in College Prep English they play this game called Underground Railroad. It is supposed to put you back when slaves had to go to safe houses and not be caught by the bounty hunters. I don t remember who all was on my team but each team had about 10 people, only 3 of us made it. It first started off with a puzzle that you have to put together in order to get an address. It said 108 S. Main St. We get to the house and ring the doorbell, no answer. The house looks vacantRead MoreThe Truth Behind The Underground Railroad1281 Words   |  6 Pages The Truth behind the Underground Railroad Ronald Payne Central High School November 9, 2015 2nd Period â€Æ' Abstract Many people know of the famous slave system called The Underground Railroad. Throughout this generations time in school this topic have came up numerous times in our history classes. They mostly talk about the surface of the system and how, the most famous conductor, Harriett Tubman freed the slaves. This essay is important because it will provide you with in depth knowledge andRead MoreThe Underground Railroad Movement Of The South855 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore they where stoped by the militia forces. the 1780 a movement had started called the underground railroad. The purpose of the underground railroad was to free slaves from the south. There were blacks and whits apart of the underground railroad. In the 1830 the underground railroad was moving, somewhere between 40,000- 100,000 slaves were set free. Harriet tubman was one of the leaders of the underground rail road. She would travel to the south to get the slaves and help led them to freedom. Read More The Underground Railroad: Escaping Slavery Essays818 Words   |  4 Pages The Underground Railroad was what many slaves used to escape slavery. It was not an actual railroad, although it could easily be compared to one. It was a route, with safe houses and many other hiding spots for the slaves to use. The paths had conductors telling you where to go and people who would drive you to the next safe house. You had to be quick, you had to be strong, and you had to be very courageous. The Underground Railroad led all the way to Canada. There were many people helping the slavesRead MoreThe Underground Railroad : The United States History1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe Underground Railroad is a popular topic in United States history, but many of the stories told about it are more myth than fact. Quilts have been often used as a symbol in children s picture books to further the understanding of one of the darkest periods of United States history: slavery. Parents and teachers have eagerly embraced these illustrated books as a way to understand and teach past turmo il. Many of these books suggest that people who participated in the Underground Railroad used quiltsRead MoreSigns, Symbols and Signals of the Underground Railroad Essay3216 Words   |  13 PagesSigns, Symbols and Signals of the Underground Railroad A journey of hundreds of miles lies before you, through swamp, forest and mountain pass. Your supplies are meager, only what can be comfortably carried so as not to slow your progress to the Promised Land – Canada. The stars and coded messages for guidance, you set out through the night, the path illuminated by the intermittent flash of lightning. Without a map and no real knowledge of the surrounding area, your mind races before youRead MoreUnderground Railroads And The Underground Railroad2187 Words   |  9 Pages Underground railroads were a network of secret routes and safe houses used during the 19th century slaves from African descent that were in the United States, and wanted escape to the free states and Canada. The safe houses located on these routes were run by abolitionists and people that were sympathetic towards slaves. The Underground Railroad reached its height during the 1850s and 1860s. It’s difficult to determine how many people actually traveled the routes and made it to freedom, but it is

Quality Management System free essay sample

These principles have been identified to facilitate the achievement of quality objectives and form the foundation for effective quality management. 1. Customer Focus Organisations depend on their customers and therefore should understand current and future customer needs, should meet customer requirements and strive to exceed customer expectations. Satisfying customer needs and requirements should be the prime objective for any organisation because organisations will generate profits mainly through the sales of their goods and services to customers. Without customer satisfaction any business will ultimately fail. Any organisation also needs to have ways of keeping in touch with how customers perceive its performance, that is, how well they think the organisation has met their requirements. ISO 9001:2008 places much emphasis on customer focus. Organisations can obtain customer needs through surveys and the surveys are normally conducted by an ISO auditor. Conducting a survey is a form of documentation. In fact customer needs can be obtained in many forms. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Management System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other than formal surveys, customer needs can also be obtained during customer visits, customers complaints and customer feedback. These data can be used as an input in the ISO system. By applying the principle of customer focus, managers will be able to research and understand customer needs and expectations. By encouraging open dialogue and feedback from their customers will allow them the opportunity to better understand their needs and how they may better serve them. This, in turn, allows these managers to set goals to improve customer satisfaction and retain customer loyalty. Some methods that allow businesses to better communicate with their customers include the use of suggestion boxes, comment cards and providing a telephone number for customers to call when they have questions or comments. Moreover, the managers must also ensure that the goals and targets of the organisation are perfectly aligned with the customer needs and expectations and that these needs and expectations are properly communicated to all employees throughout the organisation. The customer focus principle is also associated with some benefits that the organisation is likely to gain. Firstly, revenues and market shares obtained are likely to increase through flexible and fast responses to market opportunities, that is, when organisations focus more on satisfying customer needs, their sales are more likely to increase ultimately this also leads to an increase in market shares. They also have access to more market opportunities due to competition advantage that they will gain. Secondly, customer focus principle helps to improved customer loyalty which leads to repeat business and referrals on part of the customers. When customers are satisfied with a product or service that an organisation providing to them, they will be willing to come back to this organisation and continue to purchase with it. Thus they develop a brand loyalty for this organisation’s products and they will not want to switch to its competitor. Satisfied customers will also refer the organisation’s products to their friends and family which will increase the number of sales for this organisation and thus leads to more profits. 2. Leadership The strategy, direction and ultimate success of any business is largely dependent upon its leadership, along with the environment and even the culture that is encouraged throughout the organisation. Leaders establish unity of purpose and direction. They should create and maintain the internal environment in which people can become fully involved in achieving the organizations objectives. A good leadership is important to influence and motivate others to follow him/her into areas of uncertainty. What it means here is that the crucial leadership role is concerned with change. In times of uncertainty, change is the only constant to the organization’s survival and hence longevity. As changes bring anxiety to employees, a good leader must help the people to know the organization through its values, guiding principles and underlying philosophy in such times. Under the ISO 9001 requirements, the leadership role is defined as management responsibility in Clause 5, â€Å"Management Responsibility†. The standard requires that top management to provide evidence of its commitment to the development and implementation of the quality management system and continually improving its effectiveness. However, the implementation of a quality management system will hardly be successful if there is lack of commitment from top management. As such, it is critical that top management has a sound appreciation and understanding of all facets of quality management and, in particular, issues pertaining to quality assurance. This understanding and appreciation should be obtained through appropriate training and experience. It must also be remembered that leadership can be found at all levels within an organization and identifying this quality may be of great benefit in establishing a quality culture within a specific section of an organisation or throughout the organisation as a whole. By applying the principle of leadership, a leader will be able to establish a clear vision of the organisation’s future. A clearly communicated vision and purpose on the part of management is a key to ensuring business improvement. It is important to have a clear vision so that employees can work towards this vision in order to achieve the organisational objectives. Without a clear vision, employees will not know in what direction to work and what top management is expected from them. The role of a good leader is to guide its employees towards the achievement of organisational objectives. As a good leader, it is also important to set challenging goals and targets. A good leader must be passionate about the objective of the organization and to achieve the desired target. It is the responsibility of the top management to ensure customer requirements are determined and satisfied in order to achieve total customer satisfaction. All the resources of the organization are aligned towards this goal. Moreover, a good leader should be able to eliminate fear in his or her employees, that is, he or she should be constantly present for the employees, encourage them to share their ideas, give them the opportunity to voice out and to express themselves freely about any issues or problems. He must establish trust in the mind of his or her employees, that is, these employees must feel that they can trust their leader. Thus, people will understand and be motivated towards the achievement of organisation’s goals and objectives. They will be more motivated to perform in the interest of the organisation. 3. Involvement of People People at all levels are the essence of an organization and their full involvement enables their abilities to be used for the organizations benefit. Being a member of an organization provides the opportunity for an individual to contribute. However, the extent to which an organization achieves its desired objectives will depend on how it is able to organize and involve its people in the manner that will enable them to use their abilities and contribute to the organization’s objectives. The most effective way to achieve quality is by involving people across all levels of the organization. Everyone contributes to the success of an organisation and has a part to play in it, as well as a responsibility for quality. Staff must be suitably qualified and competent in their jobs, as the quality of their work directly affects the quality of service. This can be achieved through the provision of appropriate training and evaluation. Quality awareness training should also be provided to all relevant staff to heighten responsibility, accountability and quality consciousness, that is, to assist in building a quality-focused culture. With the implementation of the quality management system, staffs need to take on additional responsibilities such as the day to-day consistency checks as part of the data for product quality assurance and control processes. By applying the principle of involvement of people in an organisation, people will understand the importance of their contribution and role in the organisation. The top management’s role is to provide the environment where people are empowered to realize the organization’s objectives. Top management needs to establish the quality policy, ensure the quality objectives are established at relevant functions and levels in the organization, communicates to all employees on the importance of meeting customer as well as stator and regulatory requirements, conduct management reviews and ensure the availability of resources. Moreover, people will be able to openly discuss problems and issues among themselves and with their managers and also will freely share their knowledge and experience in the workplace which can be a plus in the achievement of organisational objectives and goals. One main benefit of this principle is that people will be more motivated, committed and involved within the organisation and this will lead to more innovation and creativity in the organisation. 4. Process Approach A desired result is achieved more efficiently when activities and related resources are managed as a process. Efficiency is better achieved when things are managed as processes, rather than as individual tasks or separate departments. A process is a set of interrelated or interacting activities that transform inputs into outputs. A quality management system can be thought of as a single large process that uses many inputs to generate many outputs. In turn, this large process is made up of many smaller processes. A work process is a series of operations/steps or activities that transform input into intermediate output at each step until the final output that meets the customer specified requirements. A common term to remember the structure of a process is SIPOC – Suppliers, Input, Process, Output and Customers. The process approach using the SIPOC model creates processes that will produce products and services that conform to customer specified requirements. Understanding and improving process capability is superior to inspecting and sorting the final output. It is the responsibility of management to identify processes needed to produce and deliver the products or services to satisfy the requirements of the customer and other interested parties (suppliers, employees and other affected parties). However, in order to consistently meet customer requirements, a high degree of standardization must exist in the processes. To apply a process approach means that an organisation first decides what it plans to do ( e. g. , provide a particular service/create a particular widget), and then work out what processes it will need in order to provide that service/create that widget. For example, an organisation has to decide what the tasks are, how and where they relate, what resources and inputs it will need, and how to do things in order to arrive at the result this organisation wants. By applying the principle of process approach in the production process, structured methods will be used to undertake the activities necessary to obtain a desired result. Top management will focus more on the factors such as resources, methods and materials that will be used in the production process to improve the key activities of the organisation. Top management will have to do a proper planning so as to avoid wastage of resources and unnecessary costs spent on raw materials. The main benefit with process approach is that when top management uses resources effectively, this will lead to lower costs and shorter cycle times as there will be proper planning, that is, with planning top management will spend money only on the amount of raw materials that will be needed in the production process and there will be no need to reorder each time. 5. System Approach to Management Identifying, understanding and managing a system of interrelated processes as a system contributes to the organisations effectiveness and efficiency in achieving its objectives. This means understanding what a management system is, its various parts and how you want it to work. It also means having consistent ways to do and manage things. Management should view all business activities and processes as parts of an integrated system. This will then encourage greater efficiency and effectiveness throughout the organisation. The system approach is a crucial concept for maintaining the integrity of the management system when improvement changes are made to quality management system, as it can provide the mental picture on the interactions of the parts in the system. By applying the principle of the system approach to management, top management will be able to understand the interdependencies among the processes of the system and also understand organisational capabilities. Moreover, top management will be able to identify the resource constraints. For e. g. departments where resources are limited, thus top management will be able to find solution to overcome this problem. One benefit is that top management has the ability to focus effort on the important processes. 6. Continual Improvement Continual improvement of the organizations overall performance should be a permanent objective of the organization. This should be a permanent feature of any organisation that really wishes to excel within its marketplace. Whatever the organisation does to improve performance should be subject to a continuing cycle of review, and this may result in the further raising of targets and goals to new levels. This is necessary to keep ahead of the competition. Continual improvement drives the organization to continually address ways to reduce costs, improve organizational performance and customer satisfaction. Management reviews have to be conducted regularly using the data collected from the monitoring and measurement process to identify areas for further improvement. Channels may need to be established to allow all staffs in the organization to make suggestions on ways to improve the service. By applying the principle of continual improvement, top management needs to provide people with appropriate training in the methods and tools of continual improvement, that is, they must be trained on how to continually improve the quality of goods and services. Top management should provide these people with appropriate tools and methods that will be used in the improvement process. Top management should also recognise and acknowledge employees for their effort and work towards the improvement process. For this it shout use proper rewards system. One benefit is that an organisation is more flexible to react quickly to opportunities. 7. Factual Approach to Decision Making. Effective decisions are based on the analysis of data and information. All key strategic decisions should be based on sound data that has been gathered via predetermined measures. Management use these data and information to make decisions. This allows for objective decision making that will lead to positive actions. The basis for factual approach to decision making is the performance based management system. By applying the principle of factual approach to decision making, top management can ensure that data and information are sufficiently accurate and reliable. The data itself is made accessible to whoever needs it. Moreover, top management can also analyse the data and information by using valid methods. The benefits of this approach are that, firstly management has the ability to demonstrate the effectiveness of the past decisions through reference to formal histories and secondly, it also can review, challenge and change options and decisions. 8. Mutually Beneficial Supplier Relationships An organization and its suppliers are interdependent and a mutually beneficial relationship enhances the ability of both to create value. Smaller firms traditionally supplied parts or materials to larger manufacturers to meet a specified order. An organisation and its suppliers depend on each other. More however can be derived from the supplier/customer relationship by seeing it instead as an interdependent partnership that provides mutual benefits to both sides. The suppliers should be evaluated and selected on the basis of their ability to meet purchase order requirements and on their past performance. By applying the principles of mutually beneficial supplier relationships, organisations can identify and select their key suppliers, that is, they will be able to find suppliers who supply best materials at a reasonable price. Moreover, Organisations and suppliers can also establish a clear and open communication path with each other while doing business together. The main benefits of this approach are that it can create value for both organisations and suppliers. They are more likely to response to any changes occurring in the market or customer needs and expectations.